Value of Assessment and Testing Instruction

Correct psychological assessment and testing is the first step towards a successful psychological intervention. Although existing psychological assessment and testing methods and instruments are found to be helpful, there is always question about possible bias when applied in minority populations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Value of Assessment and Testing Instruction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is possibility of individuals from minority cultural and ethnic groups being assessed inappropriately because of possible generalization of the psychological tests. Many scholars admit existence of cultural bias in psychological assessment and psychological therapies. Addressing cultural bias in psychology, Rogler (1992) noted cultural bias in research methodology, testing and treatment. Addressing psychological assessment and testing, the scholar noted that there was over-generalization of results without considering possible difference across cultures. Indeed, what is considered healthy differs in one culture to the other. In most cases, however, psychological health is associated with self-confidence, independence, assertiveness and having internal control (Carter, 1991). However, the qualities and characteristics that denote health and normality in majority Whites may not be applicable to clients originating from minority ethnic and cultural groups. According to Rogler (1992), application of psychological testing to minority groups may lead to negative results that may show the status of minority cultural and ethnic individuals to be undesirable. Carter (1991) noted that cultural bias in psychological assessment and testing can make individuals originating from minority cultural and ethnic groups to seen as less psychologically healthy. Confirming presence of cultural bias in psychological assessment and testing, Samuda (1998) discussed psychological testing in minority e thnic and cultural groups in the United States. In the discussion, Samuda affirmed that there were clear bias in psychological assessment and testing in use. Psychological assessment and testing that does not take cultural difference in consideration is not only marginalizing but can also lead to psychological interventions that can harm a client. It is therefore prudent for psychologists to consider cultural background and level of acculturation when applying and interpreting results from psychological assessment and testing.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Appropriate psychological assessment and testing should consider unique features of the culture that a client belongs as well as the mainstream culture (Arredondo Perez, 2006). For accurate psychological assessment over culture and ethnic minorities, conventional psychological assessment should ether be altered, or new psychological tests that are specific to cultural and ethnic minority developed. When using conventional psychological tests designed for European American, psychological therapists should take cultural background of their clients into consideration. However, psychological tests designed for specific ethic or cultural group, such as Latin American Stress Test, are most appropriate. Multicultural competence of a psychologist is an important factor to successful psychological testing and treatment (Arredondo Perez, 2006). In context of psychological assessment, multicultural competence refers to ability and willingness of a psychologist to consider cultural data throughout the process. Cultural competence can help psychologists to determine their clients’ level of acculturation, incorporate their client’s culture when interpreting assessment and applying the most appropriate psychological intervention. Cultural bias in psychological assessment and testing is a significa nt barrier to successful psychological intervention in minority cultural and ethnic groups. Most of psychological assessment and testing in use are designed with the mainstream European Americans in mind and may not be effective with minority cultural groups. Multicultural competence and use of psychological tests designed for specific minority ethnic and cultural groups can help in minimizing cultural bias in psychological assessment. Reference List Arredondo, P. Perez, P. (2006). Historical perspectives on the multicultural guidelines and contemporary applications. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37(1), 1-5.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Value of Assessment and Testing Instruction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Carter, R. (1991). Cultural Values: A Review of Empirical Research and Implications for Counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development 70(1), 164-173 Rogler L. (1992). T he role of culture in mental health diagnosis: the need for programmatic research. The Journal of nervous and mental disease 180, 745-747 Samuda, R. (1998). Psychological testing of American minorities: issues and consequences. New York: SAGE This research paper on Value of Assessment and Testing Instruction was written and submitted by user Abigail Dixon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Johntech Website

Johntech Website Overview Johntech Website does not wish to publish this Acceptable Usage Policy with the intention of curtailing the Johntech visitors’ freedom or undermine the culture of freedom of expression, openness, and trust. Johntech website intends to protect the website’s visitors from damaging or illegal actions by individuals with malicious intentions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Johntech Website specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Purpose The purpose of this AUP is to specify the acceptable behaviors for visitors of the interactive Johntech website hosted by John a technical computer expert with extensive experience in the field of computer technology. Misuse of the interactive website might lead to some users posting illegal links, using abusive language, and posting links that contain viruses. Actions like these ones might lead to complicated legal issues for both Johntech and the website users. Scope Th is policy applies to the website users who may wish to comment on any issues, inquire about various technological issues, reply to any of the posted queries, and provide any new information. The AUP also applies to vendors who might use the website for advertising purposes either directly or indirectly. Policy Johntech wishes to make it clear to all website users that no special privileges are accorded to any particular visitor. The website’s administrator does not communicate directly with any visitors except on an official capacity. Any communication with the administrator should be initiated through the website’s â€Å"contact† section. The website’s users are responsible for using their good judgment when they are posting or commenting about posted materials. The website may sometimes be unavailable for short periods in lieu of maintenance and upgrades. The users’ internet protocol addresses may be recorded and stored by the website in order to assist in the settling of any legal disputes. Unacceptable Behavior All these behaviors are prohibited; use of abusive language, posting of materials without registering with the website first, posting unauthorized download links, direct advertising, and posting more than five comments concerning a single post. Consequences The website’s administrator is at liberty to deregister any visitor who contravenes any of the above rules. All posts that contain a web link have to be authorized by the website’s administrator first. This process may take a period of up to five hours. Johntech is at liberty to reject any posts without warning or explanation.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Security Audit The following information relates to the audit conducted on a personal computer on April 10, 2013. A scan of the computer’s operating system revealed that o nly two updates were missing. The first one concerned a music organizing software program, Musicmatch, and the other one concerned Mozilla Firefox the web browser. The computer has a functional and up to date antivirus program. The license of the Karspesky antivirus program installed in the computer is due for renewal in four months time. An evaluation of this antivirus program revealed it was functional. A full system scan revealed that there were no viruses in the computer. There are two user accounts in this computer. The first one belongs to the administrator and the other one belongs to the computer’s guest users. The administrator’s account is password protected while the one for visitors is not. The computer’s firewall is enabled and no other security notifications pop up in the computer’s screen. The administrator has configured a screen saver that is effective after five minutes of idle time. To clear this screen saver, the administrator needs a password. The passwords used in this computer have been in operation for the last two years and they cannot therefore be considered â€Å"strong†. The audit revealed no major security threats.

If Zeus asked you to create a state (country), how would go about Essay

If Zeus asked you to create a state (country), how would go about doing - Essay Example A country with a strong political system is bound to prosper economically and benefit its citizens. Therefore, given this opportunity, I would set a political system based on democracy. In as much as democracy has its own shortcomings, the citizens are given the mandate to elect their leaders, this empowers them to elect the leaders they have faith in and those they want (Allis). Additionally, they are given the power to remove them from ruling incase they fail to satisfy the demands of the majority. Allis says that these elected leaders should be well educated, honest and ethical. In this way, they will not be involved in stealing from the public funds through corrupt deals. The proletariat should also be well educated to ensure the result of their work is beneficial to the country. The government should promote equal opportunity and the freedom of speech. The press should be allowed to air news without censure to enable them expose to the public domain dirty corrupt deals. On the other hand, the king or president should form a government consisting of talented and educated advisors who promote and advocate for entrepreneurship or free enterprise. This kind of government will provide a sense of security and stability leading to a considerable direct foreign investment and increased GDP characterized by low unemployment rates and low inflation (Allis). Religious matters should be handled with care. Cline asserts that without God, there can never be an absolute morality standard. In a religious state, there is no confusion in running the affairs of the state, devaluation of human life or even suppression of the human rights. Therefore, it is beyond any doubt that the country I would create; must have a strong religious backing to ensure that everything is running smoothly, and the country is on the fast track towards prosperity. The religious views of all the varied denominations should be respected. In this way, there will be a harmonious co-existence

International Trade and Poverty Reduction in Africa-An Evaluation Term Paper

International Trade and Poverty Reduction in Africa-An Evaluation - Term Paper Example Ng and Yeats (1996) showed that Sub Saharan Africa showed very poor performance in terms of global exports and the share of exports in world trade had been falling here since the 1950s. The authors argue the protectionist policies of the government here leading to the marginalization of the region from world trade and hence it remained non-competitive. The empirical analysis by the authors showed that the trade preferences of OECD provided a competitive advantage for Africa while the internal protectionist policies significantly contributed to the decline of the export performance here. The study hence demands the need for more liberalized trade policies in this region which are needed to reduce poverty in Sub Saharan Africa. Anderson et al showed that trade liberalization can result in poverty reduction in Sub Saharan Africa through increasing farm employment and output, the real value of agricultural and food exports, the real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes. It also results in increased income growth, which is greater than for other developing nations and developed nations as shown by the authors in spite of some terms of trade losses. Hence, the authors demanded the need for more trade openness in the region as a policy measure to reduce poverty. Similarly, Tuppy argued that in Sub Saharan Africa trade liberalization can produce welfare gains while this, in turn, will lead to reduced poverty only if there are drastic changes in the economic and political circumstances.

The Level of Performance in Principles of Management Essay Example for Free

The Level of Performance in Principles of Management Essay Introduction The level of success of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration freshmen achieved in their midterm of first semester of college has far-reaching implications for students’ personal and professional lives. Student success has an immediate influence on a student’s self-esteem, persistence in elected majors, and perseverance in higher education. Success in early semesters at college also ultimately impacts students’ post-college experiences, such as career choice, personal income and level of success, and degree and nature of participation in community life. Thus, the experience a student has in the introductory college classes she or he attends can have a significant influence on the course of that student’s adult life. Management is not an absolute; rather it is socially and culturally determined. Across all cultures and in all societies, people coming together to perform certain collective acts encounter common problems having to do with establishing direction, coordination and motivation. Anyone that has worked in different jobs throughout their life can tell you that there are many different styles of management. Sometimes thats defined by a company, which sets rules and regulations about how managers must carry out their job duties. In other companies, each manager manages in the way he or she feels is most effective or most comfortable. The way management is handled in a company can usually be tied to a specific management theory. Our lessons will guide you through a variety of those theories. This study would let us know what could possibly be the problem that affects the performance of the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration freshmen. This may also be an instrument in expressing and letting the College Administration be more aware of the needs of the students. Statement of the Problem The study aimed to determine the level of performance in Principles of Management of the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration first year students in University of Northern Philippines. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following factors: a. sex, b. present address, c. home address, d. civil status, e. type of school graduated, f. occupation of father, g. occupation of mother, h. family monthly income? 2. What is the level of performance of the BSBA first year students in Principles of Management in UNP? 3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their performance in Principles of Management? Scope and Delimitation The study focused on the level of performance in Principles of Management of the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration first year students in the University of Northern Philippines. The respondents were chosen by purposive sampling. There were 60 respondents represented the whole BSBA first year students. A questionnaire checklist was constructed by the researchers to determine the level of performance of the respondents in University of Northern Philippines particularly in the College of Business Administration and Accountancy. Theoretical Framework Business principles and management focuses on the basics of finance, marketing, operations, and management. The theme of career planning permeates the subject matter. The student will explore many career fields and will be encouraged to think about and plan success as a business professional in one of the many career opportunities presented in the course. The course examines business in real life situations. The student is encouraged to think about the ethics of business practice, including the goal of improving society through business, and the global impact of business operations, as well as the fundamentals of earning a profit and managing a successful enterprise. Marketing, financial management, business and technology, consumer credit, banking, savings and investment strategies, production and risk management are just some of the topics covered in this basic course. Anyone that has worked in different jobs throughout their life can tell you that there are many different styles of management. Sometimes thats defined by a company, which sets rules and regulations about how managers must carry out their job duties. In other companies, each manager manages in the way he or she feels is most effective or most comfortable. The way management is handled in a company can usually be tied to a specific management theory. Our lessons will guide you through a variety of those theories. We have lessons that will address theories including classical management, classical scientific, classical administrative, neo-classical, behavioural management and modern. Youll get to see real examples and be provided with explanations of all these different management styles. Our lessons will help you to understand what theories work best in different situations, so you can clearly see how to match a company setting to a management style. Lessons will also give you the cha nce to look at related concepts in management theory. For example, youll see how Maslows Hierarchy of Needs can be used in management and how it relates to the Needs Theory. Learn about the two types of managers. See how each type functions and what each type has to offer to his or her company and employees. Take a look at organizational change in relation to management, as well. There are many experts in the field of management who have contributed to management theories. We have lessons that will introduce you to these experts (like Max Weber, Frederick Taylor and Henry Gnatt) and explain their roles in the field. Our lessons cover research and concepts such as Gilbreths Motion Study, Fayols Principles of Management and the Hawthorne Effect. Study things like Mary Parker Folletts ideas on people-oriented management and a group-network approach to management. Learn more about theories, like Chester Barnards ideas on informal organization and acceptance theory of management. The purpose of the course is to enable you to think like a manager and to provide you with the basic information you need to be successful as a manager. You will learn the functions of management, the tools that managers use, and the vocabulary you’ll need to understand management and business communications and publications. By learning what managers do, you will be better able to function in a management position, integrate material from other relevant courses, and decide whether you are interested in a career in management. Managing people is not easy. However, it can be done successfully. And it can be a very rewarding experience. Remember that management, like any other skill, is something that you can improve at with study and practice.

Living with a Disability Essay examples -- Personal Narrative, essay a

On many occasions teachers have asked, "Is the volume high enough for you?" while my class watches a television documentary. Many teachers in middle school imposed strict rules about where in the classroom I could sit. I've had coaches ask if I know sign language. And during my elementary years, the school insisted I meet with a learning specialist once a week to discuss my "feelings" about being hearing-impaired. All these restrictions were placed on me despite the fact that I was an above-average student and an aggressive athlete. Being hearing-impaired is something I have dealt with my entire life; by the time I was five years old, putting on hearing aids in the morning was just as normal as brushing my teeth. As a result of a supportive family and friends, I never believed that being hearing-impaired should limit my success in any way. During my 17 years, I have met many who are unfamiliar with hearing disabilities and deal with their ignorance by stereotyping me. In elementary school my principal told my parents I belonged in a school for the deaf. My classmates told me ...

Confucius

Q3. Explain Confucius concept of virtue or de. Why does Confucius think a hermit cannot be virtuous? Confucius believed that the problem with government and society was caused by a lack of virtue. Confucius considered gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness and kindness all virtuous. ?According to Confucius if you are a hermit you cannot be virtuous. He argued that if you are virtuous, people will be attracted to you willing to provide you with help and information, and happily follow orders. Confucius even went as far as to say virtue is never solitary it always has neighbors (Analects; 4:25).Confucius would say living virtuous is the best way because it would help you live a fulfilling and righteous life. Q4. What is the Concept of â€Å"Wu Wei† or Non Action in Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching? How does a ruler combat social problems through â€Å" non-action† is it doing nothing? Provide an example from the text of ruling through non-action. The concept of Wu Wei or non-Action means going with the flow, it is the path of least resistance and effort, for there is no action without reaction, no desire with out restraint.It means to find that path of least effort, for whatever we do always has a reaction. Do not seek to force something to happen. To rule through non-action â€Å"do not glorify heroes, and people will not contend. Don’t treasure rare objects and people will not steal. Don’t display what people desire and their hearts will not be disturbed. † (Tao Te Ching p. 3) Live in a good place. Keep your mind deep. Treat others well. Stand by your word. Make fair rules. Do the right thing. Work when its time. Only do not contend, and you will not go wrong. †(Tao te Ching p. 8)Q5. In Walden, Thoreau famously states most people live lives of â€Å"quiet desperation. † What makes Americans so desperate? Why does he think they suffer silently? Why are they so resigned to their fate? To explain Thoreauâ⠂¬â„¢s quote â€Å"most people live lives of quiet desperation†, he believed that the pursuit of success and wealth cheapened the lives of those engaged in it making them unable to appreciate the simpler pleasures. Thoreau describes most people live, spending all their time and energy working to acquire luxuries; this does not lead to human happiness.Thoreau says that the ownership of such things is actually a disadvantage, one who owns them must take care of them, while one who owns little has more freedom to do as he pleases. This is why Thoreau chose to live simply and cheaply in a house he built and why he thinks Americans are desperate and suffer silently. Q6. In the Analects, Confucius claims that â€Å" the Virtue of the gentleman is like the wind, and the virtue of the petty person is like that of the grass- when the wind moves over the grass, the grass is sure to bend† what does Confucius mean by this? What does he imply about the masses?How do they learn virt ue? Confucius refers to the virtuous person as the wind. Confucius often describes being virtuous has an effect on a person and virtuous people have a force, that attracts others around them. Confucius implies about the masses that virtuous will be stronger than the petty. According to Confucius â€Å"The gentleman brings out the best in others, and does not bring out the worst. The petty man does the opposite†. (The Analects 12. 16) This means that the virtuous people would ultimately influence the rest like when the wind blows the grass it is sure to move. Q7. How does Thoreau define freedom?Why does he think a life of simplicity can restore freedom? In his book Walden, Thoreau defines freedom as â€Å"living free and uncommitted. † He describes that he once considered buying a farm. He realized, though, that a person did not have to own a farm to enjoy those things such as the beauty of its landscape. Thoreau concludes: â€Å"But I would say to my fellows, once for all, as long as possible live free and uncommitted. It makes little difference whether you are committed to a farm or the county jail. ’’ Thoreau tells his readers to simplify their lives as well so that they may live fully and freely.